What are the symptoms of Influenza (Flu)?
Medically Reviewed by Dr Davinder Nagah
Last updated on 11.06.2024
What is Influenza?
Many people say they have “the flu” when they experience viral symptoms, however true Influenza is generally a lot worse than a common cold, and in some cases can even be life-threatening.
- Influenza or “flu” is a virus that causes infection of the respiratory tract (nose, airways and lungs).
- It is spread by breathing in the airborne droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. You can also catch Influenza by touching an object or surface contaminated by an infected person, and then touching your own mouth or nose.
- A person is usually contagious for a day or so before symptoms of Influenza appear, and for about 5 days afterwards, though people with weakened immune systems may be contagious for slightly longer.
- Following exposure, it can take 2 or 3 days for flu symptoms to start.
What are the symptoms of Influenza?
The symptoms of Influenza can resemble those of a common cold, with runny nose, fatigue, sore throat and sneezing. However, Influenza tends to come on more suddenly than a common cold, and quickly worsens. Other common flu symptoms include:
- A high temperature (fever) above 38C
- Muscle aches
- Dry cough
- Headache
- Sweats and chills
What is the difference between Influenza and COVID-19?
Influenza is caused by Influenza A and B viruses, while COVID-19 is caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Influenza symptoms are very similar as those of COVID-19, and in most cases the only way to know which virus you have, is to get tested. Some people with COVID-19 may lose their sense of smell or taste, which does not occur with flu. COVID-19 is more contagious than Influenza. In some cases of both Influenza and COVID-19, more serious complications may develop, and both can lead to life-threatening illness.
Who is most at risk of Influenza?
Certain groups of people tend to be more severely affected by Influenza, including
- Children under the age of 5, and particularly those under 2
- People over 65 years of age
- People who are very obese, with a body mass index (BMI) above 40
- Pregnant women and women who have given birth in the past 2 weeks
- Residents of care facilities and nursing homes
- People with significant chronic diseases such as Diabetes, Asthma, Heart Disease.
- People with a weakened immune system
What is the treatment for Influenza?
Most people who have Influenza are advised to rest and drink plenty of fluids. Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and other over the counter medications can help to manage symptoms. However, in some situations, Influenza is more severe and may require medical attention. There are some antiviral medications that can be used in certain cases of flu.
When should you see a doctor?
People who are in the “high risk” groups mentioned above should seek early medical advice if they have symptoms of Influenza. Anyone suffering from Influenza who develops the following symptoms should seek urgent medical attention:
- Chest pain
- Difficulty breathing
- Feeling confused
- Feeling very faint or dizzy
- Severe vomiting and/or dehydration
- Severe neck stiffness
You should also see your doctor if your flu symptoms have not settled after 2 weeks or if they go away but then seem to come back. Some people may develop a secondary infection following Influenza, such as an ear infection, chest infection or sinusitis. So, if experiencing symptoms such an earache, sinus pain or persistent cough, it’s also advisable to see a doctor.
How can you prevent Influenza?
The flu vaccine gives good protection against the flu, though it is not 100% effective. It is recommended for pretty much everyone to get the flu vaccine each year, but particularly people in high risk groups. As the flu virus frequently changes or “mutates”, immunisation is needed annually. The flu vaccine seems to work well for 3 or 4 months, after which time immunity may begin to fall again. Children getting the flu vaccine for the first time may be advised to have 2 shots a month apart, to boost their immunity and give better protection. Other important preventive measures include good hand hygiene and avoiding large crowds during peak flu season.
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