Croup is a common respiratory condition in young children, typically affecting those aged six months to three years. It is caused by a viral infection, most often the parainfluenza virus, which leads to inflammation and swelling of the upper airways, including the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe). This swelling causes the distinctive symptoms of croup, which include a barking cough, hoarse voice, and stridor—a high-pitched, wheezing sound when breathing in.

Symptoms of croup usually start with mild cold-like symptoms such as a runny nose, fever, and cough, which then progress to the characteristic barking cough and stridor. These symptoms are often worse at night and can be distressing for both the child and their parents.

Croup is typically diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and physical examination. In most cases, it is a mild, self-limiting condition that can be managed at home. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and keeping the child comfortable. Keeping the child calm and using a cool-mist humidifier can help ease breathing. In more severe cases, medical intervention may be needed, which can include administering steroids to reduce airway inflammation or nebulized epinephrine for more immediate relief.

If a child shows signs of severe distress, such as difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, or a blue tint around the lips, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.