Adenoids are small masses of lymphoid tissue located in the upper part of the throat, behind the nose. They are part of the immune system and help to trap and fight off “germs” that enter the body through the nose and mouth. Adenoids are most prominent in young children and tend to shrink as a person ages.
Functions of Adenoids:
- Immune Response: Adenoids help protect the body from infections by trapping bacteria and viruses that are inhaled or ingested.
- Production of Antibodies: They contribute to the production of antibodies, which are important in fighting infections.
Common Issues with Adenoids:
- Enlarged Adenoids: In some children, adenoids can become enlarged due to repeated infections or allergies. Enlarged adenoids can cause breathing difficulties, snoring, sleep apnoea, and recurrent ear infections.
- Chronic Infections: Persistent infections of the adenoids can lead to chronic symptoms such as a constantly runny nose, nasal congestion, and ear problems.
Symptoms of Enlarged Adenoids:
- Mouth breathing
- Difficulty breathing through the nose
- Snoring and disrupted sleep
- Chronic nasal congestion
- Recurrent ear infections
Diagnosis and Treatment: Diagnosis of adenoid issues typically involves a doctor taking a medical history, and conducting a physical examination. A nasal endoscopy (camera test), or imaging tests such as X-rays may be recommended. If enlarged adenoids cause significant problems, treatment options may include:
- Medications: Antibiotics for infections or nasal steroids to reduce inflammation.
- Adenoidectomy: Surgical removal of the adenoids, especially if they lead to recurrent infections or breathing difficulties.
Adenoidectomy is a common and generally safe procedure, particularly beneficial for children who experience frequent infections or severe symptoms due to enlarged adenoids.
