Diarrhoea is a condition characterised by the frequent passage of loose or watery stools. It can affect individuals of all ages and may lead to dehydration if not managed properly. Diarrhoea is typically classified into acute and chronic types. Acute diarrhoea lasts a few days and is often caused by infections such as viruses (e.g., norovirus or rotavirus), bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella), or parasites. Chronic diarrhoea persists for more than four weeks and may be related to underlying conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or coeliac disease.
Symptoms of diarrhoea include abdominal cramps, urgency to pass stool, nausea, and sometimes fever and bloating. Severe cases can lead to dehydration, characterized by symptoms such as dry mouth, excessive thirst, reduced urine output, and dizziness.
Managing diarrhoea involves staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, including oral rehydration solutions that contain salts and sugars to replenish lost electrolytes. In some cases, over-the-counter medications like loperamide can help reduce symptoms. For bacterial infections, antibiotics may be prescribed, but they are not effective against viral causes.
Preventing diarrhoea involves practising good hygiene, such as regular handwashing, drinking clean water, and ensuring food is properly cooked and stored. It is important to consult a healthcare provider if diarrhoea persists for more than a few days, is accompanied by severe pain, fever, or blood in the stool, or if there are signs of dehydration.
