Bowel cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a significant health concern in Australia. It affects the colon or rectum and is one of the most common cancers in the country. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), bowel cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Australia.

Risk factors for developing bowel cancer include age (most cases occur in people over 50), a family history of the disease, certain genetic conditions, inflammatory bowel disease, and lifestyle factors such as a diet high in red and processed meats, low in fiber, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

Symptoms of bowel cancer can include changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhoea or constipation), blood in the stool, abdominal pain or discomfort, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Early detection is crucial, as it significantly improves the chances of successful treatment.

The Australian Government has implemented the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program to help detect bowel cancer early. This program offers free screening tests to Australians aged 50 to 74, which can identify early signs of the disease before symptoms appear.

Treatment options for bowel cancer typically include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Advances in treatment and early detection have improved survival rates; however, ongoing awareness and participation in screening programs are essential.