Overview

The contraceptive pill, commonly known is a widely used method of hormonal birth control. It is available in two main types: the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) and the progestogen-only pill (also known as the mini-pill or POP). Here, we will focus on the COCP.

The COCP contains synthetic versions of two hormones, oestrogen and progestogen, which work together to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus to hinder sperm movement, and thin the lining of the uterus to prevent a fertilised egg from implanting. The COCP is taken daily for three weeks, followed by a one-week break during which a withdrawal bleed occurs, similar to a menstrual period.

The contraceptive pill is highly effective when used correctly, with a success rate of over 99% in preventing pregnancy. However, its effectiveness can decrease if pills are missed, if the user experiences vomiting or diarrhoea, or when certain medications interfere with its function.

In addition to preventing pregnancy, the COCP offers several non-contraceptive benefits, such as regulating menstrual cycles, reducing menstrual cramps, and managing acne. It may also lower the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.

However, the COCP is not suitable for everyone. Women with certain health conditions, such as a history of blood clots, breast cancer, or smokers over the age of 35, may be advised to use alternative contraception. Common side effects can include nausea, headaches, breast tenderness, and mood changes, although these often subside after a few months.

For personalised advice and to choose the most suitable contraceptive method, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider.