Overview

Scarlet fever is a bacterial illness caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria, which also cause strep throat. It primarily affects children aged 5 to 15 years but can occur in people of any age. Scarlet fever is characterised by a bright red rash that feels like sandpaper and usually starts on the chest and stomach before spreading to other parts of the body. Other symptoms include a high fever, sore throat, flushed face, and a “strawberry” tongue, which appears red and bumpy.

The bacteria spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing and can also be contracted by touching surfaces contaminated with these droplets. The incubation period is typically 2 to 4 days after exposure.

Scarlet fever used to be a serious childhood illness, but it is now less common and easier to treat, thanks to antibiotics. Early treatment is crucial to prevent complications, which can include rheumatic fever, kidney disease, and ear infections. Treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics, such as penicillin or amoxicillin, which helps reduce symptoms and prevent the spread of the infection.

Good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and avoiding sharing personal items, can help prevent spread. If you suspect your child has scarlet fever, it is important to seek medical advice promptly for appropriate treatment and to minimise the risk of complications.