Influenza, commonly known as “the flu”, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It affects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs, leading to mild to severe illness and, at times, can result in hospitalisation or death. Symptoms typically include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue. In some cases, it can also cause vomiting and diarrhoea, though this is more common in children than adults.

Influenza spreads primarily through droplets made when people with the flu cough, sneeze, or talk. It can also spread by touching a surface or object that has the flu virus on it and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.

Annual flu vaccinations are the most effective way to prevent influenza and its complications. The vaccine is updated each year to protect against the most common strains of the virus that are expected to circulate. Other preventive measures include frequent hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and practicing good respiratory hygiene, such as covering coughs and sneezes.

Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms are the mainstays of treatment. In some cases, antiviral medications may be considered, to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms (if started within the first 48 hours of illness).

Up-to-date, detailed information on Influenza is available via the World Health Organization (WHO).