HSV-1, or Herpes Simplex Virus type 1, is a common virus that primarily causes oral herpes, also known as cold sores. These are small, painful blisters that typically appear on or around the lips, but they can also develop on the face and inside the mouth during an outbreak.

The virus spreads through direct contact with an infected person, especially through kissing or sharing objects like utensils, towels, or lip balm. Once infected, the virus remains in the body for life, residing dormant in nerve cells. Symptoms can reappear, particularly when the immune system is weakened by stress, illness, or fatigue.

Cold sores usually heal on their own within a few weeks. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and reducing the frequency of outbreaks. Antiviral treatments may be of help in severe or recurring cases- this can be discussed with a pharmacist or doctor.