A chlamydia test usually involves a urine sample, or sometimes a swab (of the vagina or urethra). Other tests may be recommended if you have had anal or oral sex. There are a number of other STIs you may wish to be checked for that may involve additional tests. When infection is highly suspected, treatment for Chlamydia should be started without delay before test results are available. Rapid chlamydia treatment reduces the risk of complications in the future.